What is Git? A Simple Guide for Beginners
Git is a free, open-source version control system that helps developers manage their code efficiently. Created by Linus Torvalds in 2005 for Linux development, Git is now used worldwide for tracking changes, collaborating on projects, and maintaining clean code history.
Basic Git Concepts You Should Know
Understanding these key Git concepts will help you work smarter:
1. Repository (Repo)
A repository is where Git stores all project files, folders, and version history. There are two types:
Local repository – Stored on your computer.
Remote repository – Hosted online (e.g., GitHub, GitLab).
2. Commit
A commit is a saved snapshot of your changes at a specific time. Each commit has a unique ID, allowing you to revert changes if needed.
Git Commit Workflow:
Edit files in your local repo.
Stage changes using
git add(prepares changes for commit).Commit changes using
git commit(saves changes with a message).
3. Branch
A branch is a separate line of development. It lets you work on new features without affecting the main code. Once ready, you can merge it back into the main branch (usually main or master).
Git Branching Policy
Teams follow branching policies to keep work organized. Common rules include:
Naming conventions (e.g.,
feature/login-page).Branch creation rules (who can create branches).
Merge rules (approvals needed before merging).
Code review standards (ensuring quality before merging).
A good branching policy keeps teamwork smooth and avoids conflicts.
4. Merge
Merging combines changes from one branch into another. Git supports different merge types:
| Merge Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Fast-forward | Moves branch pointer forward (no conflicts). |
| Three-way | Combines changes from two branches (may cause conflicts). |
| Squash | Merges multiple commits into one (cleans up history). |
| Octopus | Merges multiple branches at once. |
| Recursive | Default merge strategy (handles complex merges). |
Note: Fast-forward and Squash merges are most commonly used.
5. Stash
Stashing temporarily saves changes you’re not ready to commit. Useful when switching branches without losing work.
6. Revert
Reverting undoes changes—helpful for fixing mistakes or rolling back to an older version.
7. Push & Pull
git push– Uploads local changes to a remote repo (e.g., GitHub).git pull– Downloads remote changes to your local repo.
Push & Pull Workflow:
Push → Share your changes with the team.
Pull → Get the latest updates from others.
Conclusion
Git is a must-know tool for developers. By mastering these basics—repositories, commits, branches, merges, and remote operations—you can collaborate efficiently and manage code like a pro.
Whether you're a beginner or an expert, Git improves productivity and keeps projects organized. Start using Git today!
